Virtual Machine Design

The RuneVM is a custom-designed virtual machine optimized for zkSync. It supports a custom smart contract language that is designed for performance and security. The VM ensures deterministic execution of smart contracts, meaning that the outcome of contract execution is always the same, regardless of the order in which transactions are processed. This is crucial for maintaining the integrity and predictability of smart contracts.

The virtual machine is designed to execute complex financial contracts efficiently and securely. By supporting a specialized smart contract language, RuneVM can optimize performance and security, ensuring that contracts execute reliably and predictably.

State Transition and Data Availability

In RuneVM, state transitions are managed off-chain using zkRollups. Each state transition involves updating the state of the smart contracts and the balances of the involved Bitcoin Runes. These transitions are aggregated into a single proof, which is then submitted to the Bitcoin mainnet for verification. This approach ensures that the state of RuneVM is always consistent and verifiable while minimizing the data stored on the mainnet.

Data availability is a critical aspect of RuneVM's architecture. To ensure that all participants can verify the state of the network, RuneVM employs a Data Availability Committee (DAC) that provides cryptographic proof of data availability. These proofs ensure that all necessary data for verifying state transitions is available to the network participants, enhancing the security and transparency of the system.